1. Satisfy our social instinct — to be human is to be social.
2. ”The good life”

The aims of the state are two: to satisfy man’s social instinct, and to fit him for the good life.

Political rule differs from that over slaves in aiming primarily at the good of those who are ruled.

Political leaders aim to do what’s best for the people, unlike rulers of slaves who focus on their own interests.

Politics is for the people’s benefit, not like controlling slaves for self-gain.

Leaders in politics should work for the people’s good, unlike slave masters who work for themselves.

Mekhanikos

The etymology of the word “mechanic” traces back to ancient Greek and has evolved over time:

1. Ancient Greek Origins: The root of “mechanic” comes from the Greek word “mÄ“khanikós,” which means “pertaining to machines.” This, in turn, is derived from “mÄ“khanÄ“,” meaning “device, tool, or machine.” The original Greek term was used to describe someone skilled in the use of machines or the making of devices.
2. Latin Influence: The word then passed into Latin as “mechanicus,” retaining a similar meaning related to machinery and the art of constructing machines.
3. Middle English Development: In the Middle English period, the word was adopted as “mechanic” or “mekanik,” where it began to be used in the context of manual labor and the practical application of physical sciences, especially in relation to the construction and use of machines or engines.
4. Modern Usage: In contemporary English, “mechanic” has a more specific connotation, often referring to a tradesperson who repairs and maintains machinery, particularly engines in vehicles like cars and airplanes.

This etymological journey reflects the evolution of the word from a broad association with machines and devices in ancient times to its more specialized modern usage in the field of machine repair and maintenance.

Anti laborer or craftsmen — the mechanics.

In this context, Aristotle’s use of “mechanics” in his discussion of citizenship in the “best state” reflects his view on the role and status of different classes of people in a political community. Mechanics, in ancient Greek society, typically referred to manual laborers or craftsmen. Aristotle’s political philosophy, as outlined in “Politics,” suggests a hierarchical view of society where not everyone was deemed suitable for citizenship.

Aristotle argued that the best state is one where citizens are able to participate in deliberative and judicial functions. He believed that for one to engage effectively in these functions, they must have leisure time and not be preoccupied with the basic task of earning a living. Mechanics, being manual laborers, were thus seen as too preoccupied with their work to fully participate in the political life of the state.

His view reflects the values of his time, where manual labor was often not held in high esteem, and political participation was seen as a function of the leisure class. This perspective contrasts sharply with extreme democracies and some oligarchies, which were more inclusive of various social classes, including mechanics, in political participation.

Aristotle acknowledges that circumstances, such as the need for a larger pool of people to participate in governance or military service, might force these states to extend citizenship to mechanics. This necessity, however, was seen as a deviation from the ideal.

This analysis of “mechanics” in Aristotle’s political theory underlines his belief in a structured, hierarchical society where political privilege is tied to one’s role and status within the societal framework. It also highlights a tension between the ideal state (as Aristotle saw it) and the practicalities and realities of running a diverse and complex society.

Mechanics will not be citizens in the best state. Extreme democracies, and some oligarchies, neglect this rule. But circumstances oblige them to do this. They have no choice.

***

How are we to define a citizen? He is more than a mere denizen; private rights do not make a citizen.

Start off with defining, definitions?

Political power … power in the polis, the city?

Good citizen vs good man?

Citizenship is moral training.

The good citizen may not be a good man; the good citizen is one who does good service to his state, and this state may be bad in principle. In a constitutional state the good citizen knows both how to rule and how to obey. The good man is one who is fitted to rule. But the citizen in a constitutional state learns to rule by obeying orders. Therefore citizenship in such a state is a moral training.

Seek to help others, not please others.

Praised by good old Aristotle:

Here are some notable quotes from Solon, the ancient Greek lawmaker and poet:

1. “Seek to learn constantly while you live; do not wait in the faith that old age by itself will bring wisdom” oai_citation:1,TOP 25 QUOTES BY SOLON (of 56) | A-Z Quotes.
2. “Learn to obey before you command” oai_citation:2,Solon Quotes – BrainyQuote oai_citation:3,Solon Quotes oai_citation:4,Top 40 Solon Quotes (2024 Update) – QuoteFancy.
3. “Put more trust in nobility of character than in an oath” oai_citation:5,Solon Quotes – BrainyQuote oai_citation:6,Solon Quotes.
4. “Speech is the mirror of action” oai_citation:7,Solon Quotes – BrainyQuote.
5. “Rich people without wisdom and learning are but sheep with golden fleeces” oai_citation:8,Solon Quotes – BrainyQuote.
6. “Let no man be called happy before his death. Till then, he is not happy, only lucky” oai_citation:9,Solon Quotes – BrainyQuote.
7. “Call no man happy until he is dead” oai_citation:10,Solon Quotes (Author of Dichtungen) – Goodreads.
8. “No more good must be attempted than the nation can bear” oai_citation:11,Solon Quotes (Author of Dichtungen) – Goodreads.
9. “In giving advice, seek to help, not please, your friend” oai_citation:12,Solon Quotes.
10. “Men keep agreements when it is to the advantage of neither to break them” oai_citation:13,Solon Quotes.
11. “I grow old learning something new every day” oai_citation:14,Top 40 Solon Quotes (2024 Update) – QuoteFancy.
12. “Laws are like spider’s webs: If some poor weak creature comes up against them, it is caught; but a big one can break through and get away” oai_citation:15,Top 40 Solon Quotes (2024 Update) – QuoteFancy.

These quotes reflect Solon’s wisdom and his understanding of life, leadership, and law. His thoughts on learning, character, and the nature of happiness are particularly profound and relevant even today.

Study the best?

The Spartans cannot manage their serf population. Their women are too influential and too luxurious. Their property system has concentrated all wealth in a few hands. Hence the citizen body bas decreased. There are points to criticize in the Ephorate, the Senate, the Kingship, the common meals, the Admiralty. The Spartan and his state are only fit for war. Yet even in war Sparta is hampered by the want of a financial system.

Common meals?

Oligarchy with some democratic features — Carthage.

Does studying the best of the best of the past help one understand the best or greatness?

Solon:

Of lawgivers, Solon was the best; conservative when possible, and a moderate democrat.

Ancient Greeks primarily used bronze for armor due to several reasons, reflecting a blend of available technology, cultural values, and practical considerations of the time.

1. Material Availability and Technology: During the Bronze Age, bronze was the most advanced metal available for weapon and armor making. The Greeks had mastered the art of bronze-working, making it a logical choice. The technology to work with iron, which would lead to the later Iron Age, was not yet developed or widespread.
2. Strength and Durability: Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was strong and durable enough for effective protection in battle. It could be crafted into various forms, like helmets, breastplates, and greaves, providing comprehensive protection.
3. Craftsmanship and Artistry: The Greeks valued aesthetics and craftsmanship. Bronze could be worked into intricate designs, reflecting the high artistry of Greek culture. This aspect wasn’t just about beauty; ornate armor also had psychological impacts in battle, potentially intimidating opponents.
4. Cultural Significance: Armor wasn’t just for protection; it was a status symbol. Possessing well-crafted bronze armor was a sign of wealth and prestige. It played a role in the social and political dynamics of Greek society.
5. Flexibility and Weight: Bronze armor provided a balance between protection and flexibility. It allowed soldiers, particularly hoplites, to be effectively armored yet still mobile enough for the phalanx formation, a key element of Greek military tactics.

In summary, the use of bronze for armor in ancient Greece was a convergence of technological capabilities, material properties, cultural aesthetics, social symbolism, and practical battlefield needs. This choice was a product of their era, reflecting their technological mastery, cultural values, and tactical necessities.

The Spartans wore red, red capes to strike fear into their enemies?

1. Red strikes fear into your enemies?

Why did the ancient Greeks use bronze

Certainly! The description of Achilles’ armor, particularly his shield, is one of the most famous passages in Homer’s “The Iliad.” Here are some key quotes that describe the armor, focusing on the shield:

1. Creation of the Armor:

• “Thetis left her son at dawn of day, / Burning for battle and for strife to come; / And round about the might of Peleus’ son / Hephaistos cast a wondrous panoply” (Book 18, Lines 617-620).

1. Description of the Shield:

• “First fashioned he a shield that was huge and heavy, / Elaborating it about, and threw around it a shining triple rim / that glittered, and the shield strap was cast of silver” (Book 18, Lines 480-482).
• “Therein he set the earth and sky and sea, / The unwearied sun, the moon at her full, / And all the signs that crown the vault of heaven; / Pleiades and Hyads and Orion’s might, / And Arctos, called the Wain, who wheels on high / His circling course, and on Orion waits” (Book 18, Lines 485-490).

1. Scenes on the Shield:

• “Also he set therein two fair cities of mortal men. / In one were marriages and feasts, and they / Were leading the brides along the city from their maiden chambers / Under the flaring of torches, and loud arose the bridal song” (Book 18, Lines 490-493).
• “About the other city were two armies in shining armour / That were making them ready for an onset terrible around / The city, for their foes were besieging them on either hand” (Book 18, Lines 509-511).

These excerpts from Homer’s epic highlight not only the craftsmanship of the armor but also the deep symbolism embodied in the shield. The shield’s depiction of life, both in peace and in war, reflects the breadth of human experience, resonating with Achilles’ own journey as a warrior and a hero.

Strike fear into the heart of enemies?

Near-invulnerable status.

Greaves — fitted perfectly to his form, allowing both protection and agility.

Not just a piece of armor but work of art.

The armor of Achilles, as depicted in Homer’s epic poem “The Iliad,” is a magnificent example of ancient craftsmanship and mythological significance. Forged by the god Hephaestus, this armor represents not only physical protection but also the glory and heroism inherent in Achilles’ character.

The helmet was likely crested, gleaming, and imposing, designed to strike fear into the hearts of enemies. The breastplate, intricately detailed and robust, would shimmer like the sun, reflecting Achilles’ near-invulnerable status. The greaves, protecting his legs, were likely fitted perfectly to his form, allowing for both protection and agility.

The shield of Achilles is particularly noteworthy. Described in great detail in “The Iliad,” it’s not just a piece of armor but a work of art. The shield depicts a microcosm of Greek life and the world, with images of the heavens, the earth, the sea, and the daily lives of people. It features cities at war and at peace, fields being plowed, a king’s court dispensing justice, and scenes of pastoral life.

This armor, in essence, is more than just a warrior’s gear; it’s a symbol of the hero’s identity, his status, and his journey. It embodies the ultimate blend of divine craftsmanship and human heroism, making Achilles not just a warrior but almost a force of nature on the battlefield.

My theory —

Christian, Protestant, American culture says it is a vice to care for your body (“too much”)—

Thus the will to uglification of the body. Christians — the early Christian fathers, many of them hated the body, their bodies!

In a diseased body lies a diseased mind.

Just say what’s on your mind! #nofilter

They only care for their own vanity!

New year GoPro mini vlog

In order to become a great photographer, you require great muscles?

Askesis — life *is* training.

Askesis 1080P

Wear brighter colors?

Bright purple, pink!

Essentially live like a poor person

Ruler vs subject

Uniformity is bad

Impractiable

Private property makes man happier — cultivate virtues of generosity

Natural affection

Differentiation is truth.

Among theorists, Plato in the Republic raises the most
fundamental questions. He desires to abolish private
property and the family.
But the end which be bas in view is wrong. He wishes to
make all his citizens absolutely alike; but the differentiation of functions is a law of nature. There can be too much unity in a state.

Manage people — most critical not things.

In household management persons call for more attention than things; free persons for more than slaves. Slaves are only capable of an inferior kind of virtue. Socrates was wrong in denying that there are several kinds of virtue. Still the slave must be trained in virtue. The education of the free man will be subsequently discussed.

The ideal female physique is hourglass?

Also… I just want to be left alone!

History etymology of chivalry

The etymology of “chivalry” reveals a fascinating journey from medieval battlefields to modern conceptions of gentlemanly behavior. The word “chivalry” comes from the Old French term “chevalerie,” which itself derives from “chevalier,” meaning “knight.” This term has its roots in the Latin word “caballarius,” related to “caballus,” a term for “horse.”

In medieval Europe, chivalry was initially associated with horsemanship and the military prowess of mounted knights. It was a period when the horse was central to warfare and social status, and those who could afford horses were often part of the military elite. The concept of “chevalier” was thus intertwined with notions of nobility, bravery, and skill in battle.

Over time, however, chivalry evolved to encompass a broader set of virtues and social codes. The concept became heavily influenced by the Church, which sought to temper the violence of knights with Christian values. This fusion led to the idea of the “knight in shining armor,” who not only excelled in warfare but also adhered to principles like protecting the weak, showing mercy, and maintaining honor and loyalty.

By the late medieval period, chivalry had become an elaborate code of conduct, not just for warfare but for courtly life as well. This included courtship rituals, manners, and a growing emphasis on gentleness and courtesy alongside bravery.

In the modern era, the term “chivalry” has largely lost its martial connotations, evolving to refer more broadly to courteous behavior, especially that of men towards women. This modern interpretation often emphasizes respect, protection, and a somewhat idealized view of gentlemanly conduct.

Reflecting on this evolution, it’s interesting to consider how the concept of chivalry has both changed and stayed the same. At its core, it has always been about a set of ideals and behaviors that define a certain social status and role. What has changed is the context and specific content of those ideals, adapting to the shifting landscapes of society, warfare, and gender relations. This evolution of chivalry from a martial code to a broader social and moral code illustrates the dynamic nature of cultural values and how they adapt over time.

VIDEO VLOG PODCAST

OH YEAH~

Funny enough when you’re tired, it is precisely the best time to exercise in order to *GAIN* energy!

Think askesis, training.

The term “sexism” has a relatively recent history compared to many other social and political concepts. It emerged in the context of the women’s liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s, a time marked by significant social upheaval and reevaluation of gender roles and norms.

Etymology

• Root Words: The term “sexism” is derived from “sex,” referring to biological distinctions between males and females, combined with the suffix “-ism,” which is used to denote a distinctive practice, system, or philosophy. This suffix often implies a prejudiced, ideological system or a form of discrimination.
• Comparison with Racism: The formation of the word “sexism” was likely influenced by the term “racism.” At the time of its coinage, “racism” was already a well-established term used to describe systemic and institutionalized discrimination based on race. “Sexism” was formed to describe analogous systemic and institutionalized discrimination, but on the basis of sex.

Historical Context

• Emergence in the 1960s and 1970s: The term “sexism” began to be used during the height of the second-wave feminist movement. This movement focused on a range of issues including workplace rights, reproductive rights, and legal inequalities. In this context, “sexism” was used to articulate the systematic and institutional ways in which women were disadvantaged in society.
• Women’s Liberation Movement: The women’s liberation movement was instrumental in popularizing the concept. Activists and scholars used the term to challenge traditional gender roles and to advocate for equality and rights for women.
• Academic and Popular Use: The term quickly gained traction in academic circles and then in the broader public discourse. It became a key concept in discussions about gender relations and gender equality, both in academia and in everyday conversations.

Evolution of the Concept

• Broadening Scope: Over time, the understanding of sexism has broadened and deepened. It’s not only seen as overt discrimination but also includes subtle forms of bias, such as gender stereotypes and societal expectations.
• Intersectionality: The concept of intersectionality, which emerged in the late 20th century, further expanded the understanding of sexism. It addresses how sexism intersects with other forms of discrimination like racism, classism, and ableism, complicating and reinforcing the experiences of oppression.
• Contemporary Discourse: In contemporary discourse, sexism is often discussed in the context of not just women’s rights but also in terms of its impact on men, and people of all gender identities, acknowledging that rigid gender norms and inequalities can be harmful to everyone in society.

In conclusion, the history and etymology of “sexism” reflect the evolution of societal attitudes towards gender and equality. It underscores the importance of language in shaping, reflecting, and influencing social change.

PODCAST

AUDIO

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The new you

When cold, 3x merino wool tshirts… 2 goretex jackets?

A lot of down.

But we do not need that form of finance which accumulates wealth for its own sake. This is unnatural finance. ll has been made possible by the invention of coined money. It accumulates money by means of exchange. Natural and unnatural finance are often treated as though they were the same, but differ in their aims;

Anti coined money?

natural finance is only concerned with the fruits of the earth and animals.

Natural finance is necessary to the householder; be must therefore know about live stock, agriculture, possibly about the exchange of the products of the earth, such
as wood and minerals, for money. Special treatises on finance exist, and the subject should be specially stud- ied by statesmen.

Higher metabolism More heat?

Biological effect of cocaine

Blood constriction — heart rate up.

Cocaine natural form

Why temperature up

The increase in body temperature caused by cocaine use is primarily due to its stimulant effects on the body’s central nervous system and its impact on various physiological systems. Here are the key reasons:

1. Increased Metabolic Activity: Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system, leading to increased metabolic activity throughout the body. This heightened metabolic rate generates more heat as a byproduct.
2. Enhanced Muscle Activity: Cocaine can lead to increased muscle activity, including tremors or hyperactivity. This additional muscle work produces more heat.
3. Vasoconstriction: Cocaine causes the blood vessels to constrict (vasoconstriction), which reduces blood flow to the skin. Normally, the skin helps regulate body temperature by radiating heat away. When blood flow to the skin is reduced, less heat is lost from the body, leading to an increase in core temperature.
4. Disruption of Thermoregulatory Controls: Cocaine can disrupt the normal functions of the hypothalamus, the part of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature. This disruption can lead to impaired thermoregulation.
5. Sympathetic Nervous System Activation: Cocaine activates the sympathetic nervous system (the fight-or-flight response), which can increase body temperature. This system’s activation leads to various physiological changes, including increased heart rate and energy mobilization, which contribute to raised body temperature.

These factors combined can cause a significant and potentially dangerous increase in body temperature, known as hyperthermia. Hyperthermia can lead to serious health issues, especially when combined with other effects of cocaine like dehydration or cardiovascular stress.

Cocaine in its natural form is derived from the leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylum coca), which is native to South America. This plant has been used for thousands of years by indigenous peoples for its stimulant properties, especially in the Andes region.

1. Coca Leaves: Traditionally, coca leaves are chewed or brewed into a tea. When used in these forms, the concentration of cocaine is relatively low. Chewing coca leaves can lead to mild stimulation, increased alertness, and suppression of hunger and fatigue.
2. Cultural Significance: In many Andean cultures, coca leaves have historical and cultural significance. They are used in social and ritual contexts and are valued for their ability to help with altitude sickness and to provide energy for laborious tasks.
3. Extraction of Cocaine: The process of extracting cocaine from coca leaves involves several chemical steps. The leaves are typically soaked in an organic solvent, which extracts the cocaine along with other alkaloids. The mixture is then refined to isolate cocaine in a more potent, powdered form, known as cocaine hydrochloride.
4. Different from Processed Cocaine: It’s important to distinguish the natural use of coca leaves from the use of processed cocaine. Natural coca leaves contain not only cocaine but also other alkaloids, and the overall effect on the body is much milder compared to the concentrated, purified form of cocaine used recreationally.
5. Legality and Controversy: The cultivation and use of coca leaves are legal in several South American countries, but the production and distribution of cocaine are illegal and associated with serious legal and health consequences globally. The dichotomy between traditional, cultural use and the global illegal drug trade has led to complex legal and social issues.

In summary, cocaine in its natural form as part of the coca leaf has a long history of traditional use in South America, with effects that are much milder than those of the purified, processed drug known as cocaine.

The biological effects of cocaine are multifaceted and affect various systems in the body, predominantly the central nervous system:

1. Central Nervous System Stimulation: Cocaine acts as a powerful stimulant. By blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, it causes an increase in their levels in the brain. This leads to heightened alertness, increased energy, a sense of euphoria, and sometimes heightened sensory perception.
2. Cardiovascular Effects: Cocaine causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels), which increases blood pressure and heart rate. This can lead to cardiovascular problems like arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), myocardial infarction (heart attack), and even sudden cardiac death, particularly in individuals with underlying heart conditions.
3. Temperature Regulation and Other Physical Effects: Users often experience an increase in body temperature and sweating. Other physical effects can include nausea, headaches, and, in some cases, seizures or tremors. Chronic use can lead to weight loss and malnourishment.
4. Mental Health Impact: Cocaine use can exacerbate mental health issues such as anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations. In the long term, it can contribute to the development of mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety disorders, due to its profound impact on brain chemistry.
5. Addiction and Dependence: Cocaine is highly addictive. Its use can quickly lead to psychological dependence, characterized by a compulsion to use the drug despite negative consequences. Physical dependence may also develop, leading to withdrawal symptoms when the drug use is stopped.
6. Neuroplastic Changes: With chronic use, the brain undergoes changes in structure and function. This includes alterations in the reward pathway, which can diminish the user’s ability to experience pleasure from normal activities, and changes in areas related to decision-making and impulse control, making it harder to resist the drug.
7. Risk of Overdose: There is a significant risk of overdose with cocaine, which can be fatal. Overdose can lead to stroke, heart attack, or respiratory failure.

The biological impact of cocaine is a reminder of the complexity and vulnerability of the human body. The way a substance can hijack the brain’s reward system and affect physical health underscores the intricate balance within our biological systems and the importance of understanding substance effects for public health and medical intervention.

Cocaine’s mechanisms of action are quite intricate and involve several key processes in the brain:

1. Blocking Neurotransmitter Reuptake: The primary action of cocaine is to block the reuptake of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This is akin to jamming the recycling machinery in the brain. Normally, these neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft (the gap between neurons) and then reabsorbed for future use. Cocaine prevents this reabsorption, causing an accumulation of neurotransmitters in the synapse.
2. Increased Neurotransmitter Levels Lead to Stimulation: The buildup of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft intensifies and prolongs their effects. Dopamine, for instance, is associated with pleasure and reward, so its increased presence leads to heightened feelings of euphoria. Norepinephrine boosts alertness and energy, while serotonin affects mood, appetite, and other functions.
3. Overstimulation of the Reward Circuit: The brain’s reward system is particularly affected. This system, which includes regions like the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex, is responsible for feelings of pleasure and motivation. Cocaine causes an intense activation of this circuit, leading to the reinforcing effects of the drug – in essence, teaching the brain that cocaine use is a highly rewarding behavior.
4. Neuroadaptive Changes with Chronic Use: With repeated use, the brain begins to adapt to the constant overstimulation. This can lead to changes in the brain’s neurochemistry and structure, contributing to the development of tolerance (needing more of the drug to achieve the same effect) and dependence. The brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to natural reinforcers (like food, social interactions) and more sensitive to drug-related cues, reinforcing the addiction.
5. Impact Beyond the Brain: While the most dramatic effects of cocaine are on the brain, it also affects other systems. For example, it causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels), which can lead to cardiovascular issues like heart attacks and strokes. It also increases body temperature and heart rate, which can be dangerous.

In the realm of neuroscience and pharmacology, understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments for addiction and managing the harmful effects of cocaine. There’s a parallel here with innovation and problem-solving in other fields – understanding the root cause and the system’s response is key to finding sustainable solutions.

Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug with significant effects on the body, particularly the brain. Here’s a subjective, yet insightful perspective on how it works:

1. Neurotransmitter Surge: Imagine the brain as a bustling city with constant communication between different parts. Cocaine acts like an unexpected festival in this city, causing a surge in neurotransmitters (chemical messengers), especially dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Normally, these neurotransmitters relay messages and then are reabsorbed; cocaine, however, blocks this reabsorption. It’s like having a conversation where everyone keeps talking and nobody stops to listen.
2. Euphoria and Energy: This leads to a buildup of these chemicals in the brain, creating intense feelings of energy, euphoria, and heightened alertness. The user feels like a superhero, capable of doing anything with boundless energy. This is the allure of cocaine, but it’s a deceptive superpower, as it’s not sustainable and comes with a steep cost.
3. Short-lived High and the Crash: The high from cocaine is notoriously short-lived, leading to a crash as the drug’s effects wear off. This crash can be emotionally and physically draining, leaving the user feeling depressed, irritable, and fatigued. It’s like the city’s festival suddenly ending, leaving behind a mess and a sense of emptiness.
4. Addiction and Brain Changes: With repeated use, cocaine can lead to addiction. The brain starts to adapt to the excess neurotransmitters, and the user needs more of the drug to achieve the same high. This is akin to needing louder and more frequent festivals to feel the same level of excitement in the city. Over time, this can lead to changes in brain function and structure, affecting decision-making, memory, and behavior.
5. Physical Harm: Beyond the brain, cocaine affects the heart, lungs, and other organs. It can lead to serious cardiovascular issues, respiratory distress, and other health problems. It’s like putting the entire city under stress, where not just the communication lines but also the essential services are strained and can break down.

Innovation in understanding addiction and developing treatment methods is crucial. It’s a complex challenge that requires a blend of psychology, medicine, and social support, much like how a city would need a comprehensive plan to recover and thrive after overexertion or a disaster.

My fury — when slaves speak up, or talk denigrating things against me?

The state aims at satisfying all the needs of man

The ultimate object of the state is the good life

Natural impulse towards political association

Household economy. The Slave. Property. Children and Wives.

The state is composed of households

Slave is a piece of property which is animate (moving human being)— useful for action than for production— but what is “production”?

Slavery is natural — in every department of the natural universe we find the relation of ruler and subject. There are human beings who without possessing reason understand it— these are natural slaves.

Who are *NOT* natural slaves?

Even Aristotle says some people condemned slavery— especially when “free men” get captured and turned into slaves. “But they are wrong”— haha!

I love Aristotle! His writing is so direct, succinct, to the point.

The natural slate benefits by subjection to a master.

…