The term “sexism” has a relatively recent history compared to many other social and political concepts. It emerged in the context of the women’s liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s, a time marked by significant social upheaval and reevaluation of gender roles and norms.

Etymology

• Root Words: The term “sexism” is derived from “sex,” referring to biological distinctions between males and females, combined with the suffix “-ism,” which is used to denote a distinctive practice, system, or philosophy. This suffix often implies a prejudiced, ideological system or a form of discrimination.
• Comparison with Racism: The formation of the word “sexism” was likely influenced by the term “racism.” At the time of its coinage, “racism” was already a well-established term used to describe systemic and institutionalized discrimination based on race. “Sexism” was formed to describe analogous systemic and institutionalized discrimination, but on the basis of sex.

Historical Context

• Emergence in the 1960s and 1970s: The term “sexism” began to be used during the height of the second-wave feminist movement. This movement focused on a range of issues including workplace rights, reproductive rights, and legal inequalities. In this context, “sexism” was used to articulate the systematic and institutional ways in which women were disadvantaged in society.
• Women’s Liberation Movement: The women’s liberation movement was instrumental in popularizing the concept. Activists and scholars used the term to challenge traditional gender roles and to advocate for equality and rights for women.
• Academic and Popular Use: The term quickly gained traction in academic circles and then in the broader public discourse. It became a key concept in discussions about gender relations and gender equality, both in academia and in everyday conversations.

Evolution of the Concept

• Broadening Scope: Over time, the understanding of sexism has broadened and deepened. It’s not only seen as overt discrimination but also includes subtle forms of bias, such as gender stereotypes and societal expectations.
• Intersectionality: The concept of intersectionality, which emerged in the late 20th century, further expanded the understanding of sexism. It addresses how sexism intersects with other forms of discrimination like racism, classism, and ableism, complicating and reinforcing the experiences of oppression.
• Contemporary Discourse: In contemporary discourse, sexism is often discussed in the context of not just women’s rights but also in terms of its impact on men, and people of all gender identities, acknowledging that rigid gender norms and inequalities can be harmful to everyone in society.

In conclusion, the history and etymology of “sexism” reflect the evolution of societal attitudes towards gender and equality. It underscores the importance of language in shaping, reflecting, and influencing social change.