Male fertility, like female fertility, is influenced by a range of biological and lifestyle factors. Here are key aspects that impact male fertility:

1. Sperm Quality and Quantity: The number of sperm (sperm count), their shape (morphology), and their movement (motility) are crucial factors. A lower sperm count, poor morphology, or reduced motility can significantly affect fertility.
2. Testicular Health: Healthy testicles are essential for sperm production. Issues like varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), infections, or injuries can impair sperm production.
3. Hormonal Levels: Hormones, particularly testosterone, play a vital role in sperm production. Imbalances in hormonal levels can impact fertility.
4. Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, and certain medications can negatively affect sperm quality. Obesity and an unhealthy diet can also have detrimental effects.
5. Age: While men can remain fertile for much longer than women, age can still impact sperm quality. There is a gradual decline in fertility for men over the age of 40.
6. Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental elements like toxins, chemicals, and radiation can reduce sperm count and quality.
7. Ejaculation and Erectile Function: Issues with ejaculation or erectile dysfunction can also affect a man’s ability to conceive.
8. Genetic Factors: Certain genetic conditions can affect sperm production and male fertility.
9. Overall Health: Chronic diseases like diabetes, cancer, or thyroid disorders can affect male fertility. Mental stress can also play a role.

For men concerned about fertility, it’s important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful substances. Regular medical check-ups and consultations with a healthcare provider can also help in assessing and managing fertility issues.